Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Newspaper
Publishing History Documentaries DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 20, 2025
October 20: National Journalism Day
(National Day On Writing): -- A United States national celebration
of writing which first took place on November 12, 2009, with a
second year celebration on November 12, 2010. Sponsored by the
National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) and officially
recognized in both 2009 and 2010 through Senate resolutions, The
National Day of Journalism asks Americans to consider the role in
writing in everyday life. Journalism Day is considered a fun
holiday that appreciates and corresponds with journalists and
writers all over. In correlation with the National Day on Writing,
NCTE created the National Gallery of Writing so that writers of
all kinds can share their work publicly. As of 2017, the holiday
is now celebrated on October 20th. According to the NCTE website,
the holiday exists to: 1. highlight the remarkable variety of
writing we engage in today; 2. provide a collection for research
on whether writing today has risen to new highs or sunk to new
lows; and 3. help us help others to write better. On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Aviation
History Films Collection DVD MP4 Video Download
Today, October 20, 2025
October 20th: International Day Of The
Air Traffic Controller: -- Celebrates those who work hard to keep
air travel safe. It's also a day to learn more about the
profession of air traffic controller. About 100,000 flights around
the world take off and land each day. In just one year, over 4
billion passengers travel by plane. With so many planes in the
air, it's amazing that flying by plane is as safe as it is. The
safety of air travel is largely attributed to air traffic
controllers. These professionals direct air traffic on the ground
at airport runways and taxiways. Air traffic controllers also
monitor and direct the movement of planes through airspace.
Additionally, they issue landing and takeoff orders to pilots. The
job of air traffic controllers is extremely difficult. Their job
requires intense concentration. Sometimes the plane is only a blip
in a sea of darkness. No wonder it's one of the 5 most stressful
professions. There is never a time when the skies are not
monitored by air traffic controllers. They work day and night,
including weekends and holidays, to keep pilots and their
passengers safe. They must also direct planes during inclement
weather and a variety of emergency situations. Air traffic
controllers that work for the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) must be at least 30 years old. They must also retire by the
age of 56. However, if they have exceptional skills, they may work
until the age of 61. In the United States, there are more than
14,000 air traffic controllers. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: HRH The
Prince Of Wales A Personal View Of Architecture DVD, MP4, USB
Today, October 20, 2025
October 20, 1632: #BOTD: #HBD!
Christopher Wren, English anatomist, astronomer, geometer, and
mathematician-physicist, one of the most highly acclaimed English
architects in history, designer of St Paul's Cathedral and
Freemason (d. March 8, 1723) is #born in East Knoyle in Wiltshire,
south-west of England. He was accorded responsibility for
rebuilding 52 churches in the City of London after the Great Fire
in 1666, including what is regarded as his masterpiece, St Paul's
Cathedral, on Ludgate Hill, completed in 1710. The principal
creative responsibility for a number of the churches is now more
commonly attributed to others in his office, especially Nicholas
Hawksmoor. Other notable buildings by Wren include the Royal Naval
College, Greenwich, and the south front of Hampton Court Palace.
The Wren Building, the main building at the College of William and
Mary, Virginia, is attributed to Wren. Educated in Latin and
Aristotelian physics at the University of Oxford, Wren was a
founder of the Royal Society (president 1680-82), and his
scientific work was highly regarded by Isaac Newton and Blaise
Pascal. Sir Christopher Wren died in his sleep of a cold aged 90
at St James's (sic), London, England. Wren was laid to rest on
March 16, 1723. His body was placed in the southeast corner of the
crypt of St Paul's. There is a memorial to him in the crypt at St
Paul's Cathedral beside those of his daughter Jane, his sister
Susan Holder, and her husband William. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
International House (1933) DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 20, 2025
October 20, 1882: #BOTD: #HBD! Bela
Lugosi, Hungarian-American actor, famous for portraying Count
Dracula in the 1931 film and for his roles in various other horror
films (d. August 16, 1956) is #born Bela Ferenc Dezso Blasko in
Lugos, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary (now Lugoj, Romania).
Bela Lugosi had been playing small parts on the stage in his
native Hungary before making his first film in 1917, but had to
leave the country after the failed Hungarian Communist Revolution
of 1919. He had roles in several films in Weimar Germany before
arriving in the United States as a seaman on a merchant ship. In
1927, he appeared as Count Dracula in a Broadway adaptation of
Bram Stoker' novel. He later appeared in the classic 1931 film
Dracula by Universal Pictures. Through the 1930s, he occupied an
important niche in popular horror films, with their East European
setting, but his Hungarian accent limited his repertoire, and he
tried unsuccessfully to avoid typecasting. Meanwhile, he was often
paired with Boris Karloff, who was able to demand top billing. To
his frustration, Lugosi was increasingly restricted to minor
parts, kept employed by the studio principally for the sake of his
name on the posters. Among his pairings with Karloff, only in The
Black Cat (1934), The Raven (1935), and Son of Frankenstein (1939)
did he perform major roles again, and, even in The Raven, Karloff
received top billing despite Lugosi performing the lead role. By
this time, Lugosi had been receiving regular medication for
sciatic neuritis, and he became addicted to morphine and
methadone. This drug dependence was noted by producers, and the
offers eventually dwindled down to a few parts in Ed Wood's
low-budget movies, most notably Plan 9 from Outer Space. Bela
Lugosi died aged 73 of a heart attack in the bedroom of his Los
Angeles apartment while taking a nap. His wife Hope discovered him
dead, on his bed dressed only in his underwear, when she came home
from work that evening, he having apparently died peacefully in
his sleep around 6:45 PM according to the medical examiner. He was
73 and weighed 140 pounds. The rumor that Lugosi was clutching the
script for The Final Curtain, a planned Ed Wood project, at the
time of his death is not true. Lugosi was "The King"
wearing one of the "Dracula" capes and his full costume
as well as his Dracula ring in the Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver
City, California. Contrary to popular belief, Lugosi never
requested to be "The King" in his cloak; Bela G. Lugosi
confirmed on numerous occasions that he and his mother, Lillian,
made the decision but believed that it is what his father would
have wanted. The funeral was held on Saturday, August 18 at the
Utter-McKinley funeral home in Hollywood. Attendees included
Forrest J. Ackerman, Ed Wood (who was a pall bearer), Tor Johnson,
Conrad Brooks, Richard Sheffield, both of the widows (Hope and
Lillian), Bela Lugosi Jr., Norma McCarty, Loretta King, Paul Marco
and actor George Becwar. He is buried at Holy Cross Cemetery in
Culver City, Los Angeles County, California. Bela's fourth wife
Lillian paid for the cemetery plot and stone (which was inscribed
"Beloved Father"), while Hope Lugosi paid for the coffin
and the funeral service. Lugosi's will left several inexpensive
pieces of real estate in Elsinore and only 1K USD cash to his son,
but since the will had been written on January 12, 1954 (before
Lugosi's fifth marriage), Bela Jr. had to share the thousand
dollars evenly with Hope Lugosi. Hope later gave most of Lugosi's
personal belongings and memorabilia to Bela's young neighborhood
friend Richard Sheffield, who gave Lugosi's duplicate Dracula cape
to Bela Jr. and sold some of the other items to Forrest J.
Ackerman. Hope told Sheffield she had searched the apartment for
several days looking for 3K USD she suspected Lugosi had hidden
there, but she never found it. Sheffield said years later "Lugosi
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Cotton
Club Remembered (The Cotton Club At The Ritz) MP4 Or DVD
Today, October 20, 2025
October 20, 1901: #BOTD: #HBD! Adelaide
Hall, African American jazz singer and entertainer, nicknamed "The
First Lady Of Jazz" or "The Real First Lady Of Jazz"
(to distinguish her from Ella Fitzgerald, whose career began
nearly two decades later), a major figure in the Harlem
Renaissance early in her career until 1938 when she was based in
the UK, Guinness Book Of World Records holder in 2003 as the
world's most enduring recording artist for having released
material over eight consecutive decades in a career that spanned
more than 70 years from 1921 until her death (d. November 7, 1993)
is #born Adelaide Louise Hall in Brooklyn, New York City. She
performed with major artists such as Art Tatum, Ethel Waters,
Josephine Baker, Louis Armstrong, Lena Horne, Bill "Bojangles"
Robinson, Cab Calloway, Fela Sowande, Rudy Vallee, and Jools
Holland, and recorded as a jazz singer with Duke Ellington (with
whom she made her most famous recording, "Creole Love Call"
in 1927) and with Fats Waller. After many years performing in the
US and Europe, Hall went to the United Kingdom in 1938 to take a
starring role in a stage-adapted musical version of Edgar
Wallace's The Sun Never Sets at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. She
was so successful and became so popular with British audiences
that she stayed and made her home there, becoming one of the most
popular singers and entertainers of the time. Hall lived in London
from 1938 until her death in the early hours at London's Charing
Cross Hospital of natural causes (old age). Honouring her wish,
her funeral took place in New York at the Cathedral of the
Incarnation (Garden City, New York) and she was laid to rest
beside her mother at the Cemetery of the Evergreens in Brooklyn.
In London, a memorial service was held for her at St Paul's,
Covent Garden (known as the "actors' church"), which was
attended by many stars including Elaine Paige, Elisabeth Welch,
Lon Satton and Elaine Delmar. One of the participants, TV
presenter and broadcaster Michael Parkinson, remarked during his
eulogy: "Adelaide lived to be ninety-two and never grew old."
On July 9, 2024, she was honored with a Blue Plaque placed upon
her long-time Kensington, West London home at 1 Collingham Road.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Cotton
Club Remembered (The Cotton Club At The Ritz) MP4 Or DVD
Today, October 20, 2025
October 20, 1914: #BOTD: #HBD! Fayard
Nicholas, American choreographer, dancer and actor, member of the
legendary tap dancing team of The Nicholas Brothers (d. January
24, 2006) is #born Fayard Antonio Nicholas in Mobile, Alabama.
Fayard along with his brother Harold Nicholas grew up primarily in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He learned to dance while watching
vaudeville shows with his brother while their musician parents
played in the orchestra. His father, Ulysses D. Nicholas, was a
drummer and his mother, Viola Harden Nicholas, was a pianist. In
1932, when Fayard was 18 and his brother Harold was only 11, they
became the featured act at Cotton Club in New York City. The
brothers earned fame with a unique style of rhythm tap that
blended masterful jazz steps with daredevil athletic moves and an
elegance of motion worthy of ballet. They appeared in the Ziegfeld
Follies on Broadway and in London they worked with jazz
choreographer Buddy Bradley. The performances led them to a career
in film. Nicholas appeared in over 60 films, including the MGM
musicals An All-Colored Vaudeville Show (1935), Stormy Weather
(1943) with their signature staircase dance, The Pirate (1948),
and Hard Four (2007). The Nicholas brothers also starred in the
20th Century-Fox musicals Down Argentine Way (1940), Sun Valley
Serenade (1941), and Orchestra Wives (1942). Fayard's career was
interrupted from 1943 to 1944 when he served in the U.S. Army
during World War II. Nicholas achieved the rank of Technician
fifth grade while in WWII. After his dance career ended, Nicholas
and his wife, Katherine Hopkins Nicholas, embarked on a lecture
tour discussing dance. In 2003, Nicholas served as "Festival
Legend" at the third "Soul to Sole Tap Festival" in
Austin, Texas. Nicholas was inducted into the National Museum of
Dance C.V. Whitney Hall of Fame in 2001. Fayard was married three
times. He remained friends with his first wife, Geraldine Pate,
after their divorce. His second wife was Barbara January, and they
remained married until her death in 1998. He married dancer
Katherine Hopkins in 2000. He was a member of the Baha'i Faith.
Fayard died in Burbank, Los Angeles, California of pneumonia
following a stroke in 2006 at age 91. He is buried at Valhalla
Memorial Park in North Hollywood, Los ngeles, California. His
widow Katherine died in 2012.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: WPIX at
40! (1988) New York City's TV Channel 11 DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 20, 2025
October 20, 1931: #BOTD: #HBD! Mickey
Mantle, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. August 13,
1995) is #born Mickey Charles Mantle in Spavinaw, Oklahoma.
Nicknamed The Commerce Comet and The Mick, Mantle played his
entire Major League Baseball (MLB) career (1951-1968) with the New
York Yankees as a center fielder, right fielder, and first
baseman. Mantle was one of the best players and sluggers and is
regarded by many as the greatest switch hitter in baseball
history. Mantle was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in
1974 and was elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team
in 1999. Mantle was one of the greatest offensive threats of any
center fielder in baseball history. He has the second highest
career OPS+ among center fielders, (behind Mike Trout) and he had
the highest stolen base percentage in history at the time of his
retirement. In addition, compared to the other four center
fielders on the All-Century team, he had the lowest career rate of
grounding into double plays, and he had the highest World Series
on-base percentage and World Series slugging percentage. He also
had an excellent .984 fielding percentage when playing center
field. Mantle was noted for his ability to hit for both average
and power, especially tape measure home runs, a term that had its
origin in a play-by-play caller reacting to one of Mantle's 1953
home runs. He hit 536 MLB career home runs, batted .300 or more
ten times, and is the career leader (tied with Jim Thome) in
walk-off home runs, with 13 - twelve in the regular season, one in
the postseason. He is also the only player in history to hit 150
home runs from both sides of the plate. Mantle is 16th all-time in
home runs per at bats. He is 18th in on-base percentage. He was
safe three out of four times he attempted to steal a base. He won
the MVP Award three times, came in second three times, and came
within nine votes of winning five times. Mantle won the Triple
Crown in 1956, when he led the major leagues in batting average
(.353), home runs (52), and runs batted in (RBI) (130). He later
wrote a book (My Favorite Summer 1956) about his best year in
baseball. He was an All-Star for 16 seasons, playing in 16 of the
20 All-Star Games that were played during his career. He was an
American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) three times and a
Gold Glove winner once. Mantle appeared in 12 World Series
including seven championships, and he holds World Series records
for the most home runs (18), RBIs (40), extra-base hits (26), runs
(42), walks (43), and total bases (123). Mickey Mantle died at
2:10 a.m. at Baylor University Medical Center aged 63 with his
wife Meryln and son David at his side, two months after receiving
a liver transplant at that same hospital, and five months after
his mother had died at age 91. The Yankees played the Indians that
day and honored him with a tribute. The team played the rest of
the season with black mourning bands topped by a number 7 on their
left sleeves. At Mantle's funeral, Eddie Layton played "Somewhere
Over the Rainbow" on the Hammond organ because Mickey had
once told him that it was his favorite song. Roy Clark sang and
played "Yesterday, When I Was Young". Mantle was
interred in the Mantle Family Mausoleum, located in the St.
Matthew section of the Sparkman-Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery
in Dallas. As per his request, the phrase "A Great Teammate"
was carved on the plaque marking his resting place. On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: China: The
Long March TV Field Expedition DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 20, 2025
October 20, 1935: China: The History Of
China: The Century Of Humiliation (The Hundred Years Of National
Humiliation) (1838-1945): The Interwar Period (The Aftermath Of
World War I, The Interbellum, Between The Wars): The Chinese Civil
War: The Chinese Civil War First Phase (August 1, 1927 - December
26, 1936): The Long March (Chinese: The Long Expedition"): --
Mao Zedong's 6,000 mile "Long March" ends as his
Communist forces arrive at Yanan, in northwest China, a little
more than a year after fleeing Chiang Kai-shek's armies in the
south. After the Soviet Republic Of China collapsed, the most
famous of the grand retreats known collectively as the Long March
(October 1934: October 1935) occurred, which was a military
retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of
China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade
the pursuit of the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party)
army. There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as
various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and
west. The best known is the march from Jiangxi province which
began in October 1934. The First Front Army of the Chinese Soviet
Republic, led by an inexperienced military commission, was on the
brink of annihilation by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's troops in
their stronghold in Jiangxi province. The Communists, under the
eventual command of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, escaped in a
circling retreat to the west and north, which reportedly traversed
over 9,000 kilometers (5600 miles) over 370 days. The route passed
through some of the most difficult terrain of western China by
traveling west, then north, to Shaanxi. The Long March began Mao
Zedong's ascent to power, whose leadership during the retreat
gained him the support of the members of the party. The bitter
struggles of the Long March, which was completed by only about
one-tenth of the force that left Jiangxi, would come to represent
a significant episode in the history of the Communist Party of
China, and would seal the personal prestige of Mao Zedong and his
supporters as the new leaders of the party in the following
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Pope Pius
XII Documentary Eugenio Pacelli Biography DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 20, 2025
October 20, 1939: Religion: The History
Of Religion: Abrahamic Religions: Christianity: The History Of
Roman Catholicism: Papal Encyclicals: Encyclicals Of Pope Pius
XII: Summi Pontificatus: (Latin: "Of The Supreme
Pontificate") (On The Unity Of Human Society): -- Pope Pius
XII publishes his first major encyclical, a letter sent to all the
churches of the Roman Catholic faith, entitled "Summi
Pontificatus" (Latin: "Supreme Pontificate"),
subtitled "On the Unity of Human Society." It was the
first encyclical of Pius XII and was seen as setting "a tone"
for his papacy. It critiques the ideologies of racism, cultural
superiority and the totalitarian state. It also set the
theological framework for future encyclical letters, such as
Mystici corporis Christi (1943) on the Church as the Mystical Body
of Christ. The encyclical laments the destruction of Poland,
denounces the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, and calls for a restoration
of independent Poland. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: American
Caesar: Douglas MacArthur TV Series DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 20, 2025
October 20: A-Day: -- October 20, 1944:
World War II: The Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The
Asiatic-Pacific Theater, The Pacific Theater Of World War II): The
Pacific Ocean Theater Of World War II: The Southwest Pacific
Theater Of World War II: The Philippines Campaign (1944-1945)
(Battle Of The Philippines, Second Philippines Campaign, The
Liberation Of The Philippines, Operation Musketeer I, II, and
III): The Battle Of Leyte (Codename: King Two; Filipino: Labanan
Sa Leyte; Waray: Gubat Ha Leyte; Japanese: Reite No Tatakai):
A-Day: I Shall Return: -- American general Douglas MacArthur
fulfills his promise to return to the Philippines when he commands
an Allied assault on the islands, reclaiming them from the
Japanese during the Second World War. MacArthur set foot on
Philippine soil for the first time since his escape in 1942,
fulfilling his promise, "I shall return". The US 21st
Infantry Regiment landed on Panaon Strait to control the entrance
to Sogod Bay. Following four hours of heavy naval gunfire on
A-day, Sixth Army forces landed on assigned beaches at 10:00. X
Corps pushed across a 4 mi (6.4 km) stretch of beach between
Tacloban airfield and the Palo River. 15 mi (24 km) to the south,
XXIV Corps units came ashore across a 3 mi (4.8 km) strand between
San Jose and the Daguitan River. Troops found as much resistance
from swampy terrain as from Japanese fire. Within an hour of
landing, units in most sectors had secured beachheads deep enough
to receive heavy vehicles and large amounts of supplies. Only in
the 24th Division sector did enemy fire force a diversion of
follow-up landing craft. But even that sector was secure enough by
13:30 to allow Gen. MacArthur to make a dramatic entrance through
the surf onto Red Beach and announce to the populace the beginning
of their liberation: "People of the Philippines, I have
returned! By the grace of Almighty God, our forces stand again on
Philippine soil." By the end of A-day, the Sixth Army had
moved 1 mi (1.6 km) inland and five miles wide. In the X Corps
sector, the 1st Cavalry Division held Tacloban airfield, and the
24th Infantry Division had taken the high ground on Hill 522
commanding its beachheads. In the XXIV Corps sector, the 96th
Infantry Division held the approaches to Catmon Hill, and the 7th
Infantry Division held Dulag and its airfield. Japanese General
Makino spent the day moving his command post from Tacloban, 10 mi
(16 km) inland to the town of Dagami. The initial fighting was won
at a cost of 49 killed, 192 wounded, and six missing. The Japanese
counterattacked the 24th Infantry Division on Red Beach through
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Legacy Of
The Hollywood Blacklist DVD MP4 Download USB Flash Drive
Today, October 20, 2025
October 20, 1947: The Aftermath Of World
War II: The Cold War: Anti-Communism: Anti-Communism In The United
States: The Red Scare: The Second Red Scare: The Hollywood
Blacklist: -- The House Un-American Activities Committee begins
its investigation into Communist infiltration of Hollywood,
resulting in a blacklist that prevents some from working in the
industry for years. On July 29, 1946, William R. Wilkerson,
publisher and founder of The Hollywood Reporter, published a
"TradeView" column entitled "A Vote For Joe
Stalin". It named as Communist sympathizers Dalton Trumbo,
Maurice Rapf, Lester Cole, Howard Koch, Harold Buchman, John
Wexley, Ring Lardner Jr., Harold Salemson, Henry Meyers, Theodore
Strauss, and John Howard Lawson. In August and September 1946,
Wilkerson published other columns containing names of numerous
purported Communists and sympathizers. They became known as
"Billy's List" and "Billy's Blacklist". In
1962, when Wilkerson died, his THR obituary stated he had "named
names, pseudonyms and card numbers and was widely credited with
being chiefly responsible for preventing communists from becoming
entrenched in Hollywood production - something that foreign film
unions have been unable to do." (In a 65th-anniversary
article in 2012, Wilkerson's son apologized for the paper's role
in the blacklist, stating that his father was motivated by revenge
for his own thwarted ambition to own a studio.) In October 1947,
drawing upon the list named in The Hollywood Reporter, the House
Un-American Activities Committee subpoenaed a number of persons
working in the Hollywood film industry to testify at hearings. The
committee had declared its intention to investigate whether
Communist agents and sympathizers had been planting propaganda in
American films. The Hollywood blacklist was the colloquial term
for what was in actuality a broader entertainment industry
blacklist put in effect in the mid-20th century in the United
States during the early years of the Cold War. The blacklist
involved the practice of denying employment to entertainment
industry professionals believed to be or to have been Communists
or sympathizers. Not just actors, but screenwriters, directors,
musicians, and other American entertainment professionals were
barred from work by the studios. This was usually done on the
basis of their membership, alleged membership in, or even just
sympathy with the Communist Party USA, or on the basis of their
refusal to assist Congressional investigations into the party's
activities. Even during the period of its strictest enforcement,
from the late 1940s through to the late 1950s, the blacklist was
rarely made explicit or verifiable, but it quickly and directly
damaged or ended the careers and income of scores of individuals
working in the film industry. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Watergate:
The Secret Story With Mike Wallace DVD MP4 USB Flash Drive
Today, October 20, 2025
October 20, 1973: Scandals: Political
Scandals: Political Scandals Of The United States: Richard Nixon:
The Presidency Of Richard Nixon: The Watergate Scandal: The Nixon
White House Tapes: The Saturday Night Massacre: -- President
Richard M. Nixon fires Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox and Deputy
Attorney General William Ruckelshaus. Attorney General Elliot
Richardson resigned. A firestorm of political protest erupted over
the firings leading to widespread demands for Nixon's impeachment.
On October 19, 1973, President Nixon rejected an Appeals Court
decision that he turn over the Watergate tapes. On July 16, 1973,
Butterfield told the committee in a televised hearing that Nixon
had ordered a taping system installed in the White House to
automatically record all conversations. Special Counsel Archibald
Cox, a former United States Solicitor General under President John
F. Kennedy, asked District Court Judge John Sirica to subpoena
nine relevant tapes to confirm the testimony of White House
Counsel John Dean. President Nixon initially refused to release
the tapes, for two reasons: first, that the Constitutional
principle of executive privilege extends to the tapes and citing
the separation of powers and checks and balances within the
Constitution, and second, claiming they were vital to national
security. On October 19, 1973, he offered a compromise; Nixon
proposed that U.S. Senator John C. Stennis review and summarize
the tapes for accuracy and report his findings to the special
prosecutor's office. Special prosecutor Archibald Cox refused the
compromise and on Saturday, October 20, 1973, Nixon ordered
Attorney General Elliot Richardson to dismiss Cox. Richardson
refused and resigned instead, then Deputy Attorney General William
Ruckelshaus was asked to dismiss Cox but refused and was
subsequently fired. Solicitor General and acting head of the
Justice Department Robert Bork discharged Cox. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Commercials: The Cable Age Classics II DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 20, 2025
October 20: International Chefs Day: --
Observed all over the world to celebrate chefs and spreads
awareness about eating healthy. Every year, a theme is decided for
International Chefs Day - in 2020, it was 'Healthy Food for the
Future,' and the same theme was repeated in 2021, although with a
deeper focus on sustainability and ensuring a healthy environment
for future generations. Dr. Bill Gallagher, a renowned master chef
and former president of the World Association of Chefs Societies
(Worldchefs), established International Chefs Day in 2004. Unlike
most other modern professions, the chef has played a significant
role in our society since the beginning of time. Food is a basic
need, and experiments with food have been going on for thousands
of years. In the first century A.D., a Roman gourmet called Marcus
Apicius wrote the world's first cookbook. His book was named after
him: "Apicius," also known as "The Art of Cooking."
The book contains more than 400 recipes, and Marcus traveled great
distances to secure the ingredients. In 1765, A. Boulanger opened
the first business in Paris that was called a restaurant. The sign
above his door said 'restoratives,' or 'restaurants,' which
referred to the soups and broths that were being offered on the
menu. The word 'restaurant' then took on the meaning, 'a public
eating place.' In 1809, the French chef Alexis Soyer became one of
the most distinguished cooks in England because he developed cheap
and nutritious meals for the poor and the working class,
especially during the potato famine of 1845-1849 in Ireland. He
also invented a field stove called the 'Soyer stove' for the
British soldiers serving in the Crimean War. Auguste Escoffier, an
eminent chef from France, created the brigade system and
simplified kitchen dynamics in the 1870s. According to his system,
each person in the kitchen had a particular task. The system
worked like a military hierarchy - first, there was the head chef
in charge of the whole kitchen, then the sous chef, and so on. His
book "Le Guide Culinaire" is still in print and is
included in the curriculum of modern culinary students due to its
relevance.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Teenagers! Classic Youth Social Guidance Films DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, October 20, 2025October 20: National Youth Confidence
Day: -- Building a framework of positive role models is vital to
developing responsible, confident young adults. Incidentally,
National Youth Confidence Day, on October 20, encourages us to
connect and inspire today's youth for tomorrow's success. National
Youth Confidence Day celebrates the energy, spirit and potential
of young people. The day is an acknowledgment of all they will
accomplish, respectively. Guidance, leadership and mentors will
help light the path, indeed. In addition, today's youth will
navigate the obstacles that will inevitably lay before them. Take
the opportunity to welcome a young person into your life and
accept their mistakes. Interestingly, their mistakes will be
similar to ones you've made yourself. Offer encouragement that
these mistakes are merely lessons. Therefore, let them know they
will only need to learn from them and gain experience to attain
their goals. Share your wisdom and listen to their fears.
Celebrate their successes and help them to learn from their
defeats, respectively. To observe National Youth Confidence Day:
Hearing about youth inspires us to feel more confident. Share a
story about a young person who inspires you. From overcoming an
obstacle or achieving academic success, to helping someone in the
community, it's all about being uniquely them. Post photos and
videos of your youth, friends and anyone who exudes confidence,
inner beauty or self-worth. Use #NationalYouthConfidenceDay to
share on social media. Show a young person in your life you care.
Provide them with the tools to reach their potential. Most
importantly, offer them the knowledge, skills and know-how to
build their confidence. Above all, by planting a seed and watching
it grow, you celebrate their achievement. And use
#NationalYouthConfidenceDay to share on social media. Tiffany R.
Lewis, Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Confident Girl
Mentoring Program, Inc. founded National Youth Confidence Day in
2018. Furthermore, it's her goal to encourage a strong foundation
of positive relationships to mentor today's youth. As a result,
National Youth Confidence Day is a Celebration of Confidence for
young people everywhere.
https://store.earthstation1.com/teenagers-classic-youth-social-guidance-films-dvd-set-2-disc2.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Speeches Of Winston Churchill MP3 & JPG Set CD, Download, USB
Drive
Today, October 20, 2025October 20: Suspender's Day: -- How could
suspenders ever have gone out of style? Dig in your closet or
visit a store to bring back one of the most fashionable
accessories available. Today people worldwide take a moment to
appreciate these nifty accessories that have been holding up
trousers for centuries. Suspenders aren't just about function.
They're a fashion statement, a reminisce to nostalgia, and a
playful addition to any outfit. Suspenders have a long history,
dating back 300 years, but it wasn't until the 1820s that they
were revamped into the stylish accessory we recognize today.
They've seen their ups and downs in fashion trends, once
considered essential undergarments that men wore under waistcoats.
With the shift away from waistcoats in the 1930s, belts became the
norm for trouser support. However, suspenders have come back,
especially in formal wear and among those looking to add a vintage
or hipster twist to their wardrobe. Celebrating Suspender's Day on
October 20th is a fantastic way to show off your style and love
for this timeless accessory. Whether you're pairing them with a
formal suit for a sophisticated look or snapping them over a
casual shirt for a bit of fun, suspenders are all about expressing
yourself. So next time this day rolls around, why not dig out a
pair, share your look on social media, and join in appreciating
suspenders' contribution to fashion and functionality. The origins
of Suspender's Day trace back to an appreciation for an accessory
that's been both practical and fashionable over the centuries.
Celebrated on October 20th, this day honors the humble suspender,
a piece of attire that has held up trousers and made style
statements for over 300 years. The modern form of suspenders, as
we know them, came into being in the early 19th century thanks to
innovations that made them sleek, stylish, and more comfortable to
wear. The narrative of suspenders saw a significant turn when
Albert Thurston introduced a new design in 1820, addressing the
fashion needs of high-waisted trousers. This innovation was
timely, as belts were impractical for the high-rise pants of that
era. Adding to the suspenders' lore, a notable figure, Mark Twain
secured a patent for adjustable and detachable straps some 50
years later, signaling the accessory's deep-rooted connection to
utility and creativity. Fast forward to modern times, suspenders
have transitioned from a purely functional item, hidden under
waistcoats, to a fashion statement embraced by formal attire and
those seeking a touch of vintage or hipster flair in their
outfits. Suspender's Day encourages people to celebrate this
versatile accessory, reminding us of its unique place in fashion
history and encouraging us to don a pair with pride, whether for a
formal occasion or just for fun.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
American Business Films Of The 20th Century MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, October 20, 2025October 20: Talent Transformation Day: --
Draws attention to the changing workplace landscape. It aims to
bring awareness to the profound shifts currently happening in
society and the workplace as a direct result of business and
technology developments, including artificial intelligence (A.I.)
and robotics. On Talent Transformation Day, we encourage
activities that help us understand how to make the most of these
significant advancements and capitalize on the opportunities they
present. The Talent Transformation Guild initially conceptualized
this day in October 2020. It's a nonprofit organization focused on
assisting businesses and individuals as they prepare for upcoming
changes in work environments. Although this so-called "new
world of work" is an enormous societal transformation
acknowledged by the World Economic Forum (W.E.F.), it has yet to
earn legal legitimacy. The development of automation, robotics,
and A.I. has rendered certain job functions and skills obsolete.
In contrast, others feel that these changes have allowed their
careers to grow in new directions. As such, the Talent
Transformation Guild assists folks with continuously expanding
their skill sets and capacities. They aim to guide workers in
navigating a changing landscape. In addition, the organization
coaches people through their journey of self-improvement. It
carves out a route leading to more meaningful lives and jobs by
encouraging people to discover their strengths, passions, and what
makes them unique. They also give resources and individualized
insights to assist individuals in navigating the future of work,
learning, and leadership. They aim to help individuals, teams, and
organizations remain relevant despite the exponential rate of
change.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Carriers: Aircraft Carrier History TV Series DVD, Download, USB
Drive
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 1941: Naval History: The
History Of The United States Navy: The New United States Navy (The
New Navy, The United States Navy 1885-Present): Naval Commissions:
The USS Hornet (CV-8): -- "The Happy Hornet", also known
as "The Horny Maru" and "The Fighting Lady",
one of 3 Yorktown class aircraft carriers built for the United
States Navy and completed shortly before World War II (the other
two being USS Yorktown (CV-5) and USS Enterprise (CV-6), is
commissioned at Naval Station Norfolk with Captain Marc A.
Mitscher in command, just under seven weeks before the Japanese
Attack On Pearl Harbor of December 7, 1941, a period of time in
which she trained as soon as she left Norfolk. She is the seventh
U.S. Navy vessel to bear the name. During The Pacific War during
World War II in the Pacific Theater, she launched the Doolittle
Raid on Tokyo and participated in the Battle of Midway and the
Buin-Faisi-Tonolai raid. In the Solomon Islands campaign, she was
involved in the capture and defense of Guadalcanal and the Battle
of the Santa Cruz Islands, where she was irreparably damaged by
enemy torpedo and dive bombers. Faced with an approaching Japanese
surface force, Hornet was abandoned and later torpedoed and sunk
by approaching Japanese destroyers. Hornet was in service for one
year and six days, and was the last US fleet carrier ever sunk by
enemy fire. For these actions, she was awarded four service stars
and a citation for the Doolittle Raid in 1942, and her Torpedo
Squadron 8 received a Presidential Unit Citation for extraordinary
heroism for its performance at the Battle of Midway. Her wreck was
located in late January 2019 near the Solomon Islands.
https://store.earthstation1.com/carriers-complete-14-part-tv-series-4-dvd-144.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Portraits Of The Presidency: POTUS Documentaries DVD, Download,
USB
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 1964: #DOTD: Herbert Hoover,
American engineer, businessman and politician who served as the
31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 during the
Great Depression (b. August 10, 1874) #dies in New York City
following massive internal bleeding. Though Hoover's last spoken
words are unknown, his last-known written words were a get-well
message to his friend Harry Truman, six days before his death,
after he heard that Truman had sustained injuries from slipping in
a bathroom: "Bathtubs are a menace to ex-presidents for as
you may recall a bathtub rose up and fractured my vertebrae when I
was in Venezuela on your world famine mission in 1946. My warmest
sympathy and best wishes for your recovery." Two months
earlier, on August 10, Hoover reached the age of 90, only the
second U.S. president (after John Adams) to do so. When asked how
he felt on reaching the milestone, Hoover replied, "Too old."
At the time of his death, Hoover had been out of office for over
31 years (11,553 days all together). This was the longest
retirement in presidential history until Jimmy Carter broke that
record in September 2012. Hoover was honored with a state funeral
in which he lay in state in the United States Capitol rotunda.
President Lyndon Johnson and First Lady Ladybird Johnson attended,
along with former presidents Truman and Eisenhower. Then, on
October 25, he was buried in West Branch, Iowa, near his
presidential library and birthplace on the grounds of the Herbert
Hoover National Historic Site. Afterwards, Hoover's wife, Lou
Henry Hoover, who had been buried in Palo Alto, California,
following her death in 1944, was re-interred beside him. Hoover
was the last surviving member of the Harding and Coolidge
cabinets. John Nance Garner (the speaker of the House during the
second half of Hoover's term) was the only person in Hoover's
United States presidential line of succession he did not outlive.
Herbert Hoover was born Herbert Clark Hoover in West Branch, Iowa,
the first President born west of the Mississippi. Herbert Clark
Hoover was a Republican, and as Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s
he introduced themes of efficiency in the business community and
provided government support for standardization, efficiency and
international trade. As president from 1929 to 1933, his domestic
programs were overshadowed by the onset of the Great Depression.
Hoover was defeated in a landslide election in 1932 by Democratic
Franklin D. Roosevelt. After this loss, Hoover became staunchly
conservative, and advocated against Roosevelt's New Deal policies.
A lifelong Quaker, he became a successful mining engineer with a
global perspective. He built an international reputation as a
humanitarian by leading international relief efforts in Belgium
during World War I, 1914-1917. When the U.S. entered the war in
1917 he became "food czar" as head of the U.S. Food
Administration with charge of much of the nation's food supply and
a massive advertising campaign to help consumers adjust and save.
He worked well with President Woodrow Wilson and the cabinet, and
gained a large national audience. After the war, he led the
American Relief Administration, which provided food to the
inhabitants of Central Europe and Eastern Europe. Hoover was
popular among progressives as a potential candidate in the 1920
presidential election, but his candidacy quickly petered out.
Republican Warren G. Harding won and appointed Hoover as Secretary
of Commerce. Hoover was an unusually active and visible cabinet
member, becoming known as "Secretary of Commerce and
Under-Secretary of all other departments." Hoover won the
Republican nomination in 1928, and defeated Democrat Al Smith in a
landslide. Hoover avoided the anti-Catholicism that hurt Smith,
but in a time of peace and prosperity his success was highly
likely. The Great Depression was the central issue of his
presidency, starting with the Wall Street Crash of October 1929.
There were occasional upswings but more frequent downswings until
the economy verged on disaster in 1931-33, along with most of the
industrial world. Hoover pursued a variety of policies in an
attempt to lift the economy, but opposed direct federal relief
efforts until late in his tenure. He asked business and labor
leaders to avoid wage cuts and work stoppages, and raised taxes in
the hope of balancing the budget. In 1930, he reluctantly approved
the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, which sent foreign trade spiraling down.
The economy kept falling, and the unemployment rate rose to 25%,
with heavy industry, mining, and wheat and cotton farming hit
especially hard. In 1932, Hoover signed a major public works bill
and established the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which was
designed to provide government loans to banks, railroads and big
businesses in danger of failing. The downward economic spiral,
along with violent dispersal of the Bonus Army, set the stage for
Hoover's overwhelming defeat by Roosevelt, who promised a New
Deal. Hoover became a conservative spokesman in opposition to the
domestic and foreign policies of Roosevelt. He opposed entry into
the Second World War and was not called on to serve in any public
role during the war. He had better relations with President Harry
S. Truman, and Hoover helped produce a number of reports that
changed U.S. occupation policy in Germany. Truman also appointed
Hoover to head the Hoover Commission, intended to foster greater
efficiency throughout the federal bureaucracy, and Hoover served
on a similar commission under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. By
the time of his death in 1964, he had rehabilitated his image.
Nevertheless, Hoover is generally not ranked highly in historical
rankings of Presidents of the United States.
https://store.earthstation1.com/portraits-of-the-presidency-roosevelt-wilson-hoover-taft-willkie.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: World
War 1 TV Series With Robert Ryan DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 1918: The European Civil War:
World War I: The First European War (The European Theater Of World
War I): The Western Front Of World War I: Naval Warfare Of World
War I: The Naval Order Of 24 October 1918: -- In accordance with
President Woodrow Wilson precondition of the cessation of
Germany's submarine war, one of a number of preconditions set by
President Wilson before accepting the terms of the diplomatic
notes sent by the new German government under Prince Max of Baden
sent at the insistence of the Germany Supreme Army Command
beginning on October 5, 1918 in which Germany asked the President
to mediate an armistice, the German government makes this
concession, and the German U-boats at sea were recalled on October
21. This key concession was made over the objections of Imperial
German Navy Commander Of The High Seas Fleet Admiral Franz Von
Hipper, and he responded on October 22 by ordering The High Seas
Fleet Admiral Franz Von Hipper to prepare for an attack on the
British fleet, utilising the main battle fleet, reinforced by the
newly available U-boats, to provoke a decisive battle between the
German High Seas Fleet and the British Grand Fleet in the southern
North Sea in order to prevent the new German govenment from
negotiating and end to the war. On October 24, 1918, Admiral Franz
Von Hipper, under orders from Admiral Reinhard Scheer, promulgated
the order to initiate the German Admiralty's plot, and Admiral
Scheer approved it on October 27. The fleet then began to
concentrate at Schillig Roads off Wilhelmshaven to prepare for the
battle. When the order to prepare for the sortie was issued on
October 29, mutiny broke out aboard the German ships. Despite the
operation being cancelled, these in turn led to the far more more
serious Kiel mutiny, which was the starting point of the November
Revolution, the German capitulation to the Allied forces briging
an ending to the war, the signing of Armistice Of 11 November 1918
and the proclamation of the Weimar Republic.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Preston
Sturges: Rise And Fall Of An American Dreamer DVD Download USB
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 1990: #DOTD: #RIP: Joel
McCrea, American actor whose career spanned a wide variety of
genres over almost five decades, including comedy, drama, romance,
thrillers, adventures, and Westerns, for which he became best
known (b. November 5, 1905) #dies at the Motion Picture &
Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills,
California from pneumonia at the age of 84. After his death his
family ultimately donated thirty five acres of McCrea's former
ranch to the newly formed Conejo Valley YMCA for the city of
Thousand Oaks, California. They also donated 75 acres to the
Conejo Open Space Conservancy Agency (COSCA), which designated it
the Joel McCrea Wildlife Preserve; and five acres to the Boys and
Girls Club of Camarillo. His remains were cremated, and the ashes
scattered at sea (presumably in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of
California). Joel McCrea was born Joel Albert McCrea in South
Pasadena, California, the son of Thomas McCrea, an executive with
the L.A. Gas & Electric Company, and Louise "Lou"
Whipple. As a boy, he had a paper route delivering the Los Angeles
Times to Cecil B. DeMille and other people in the film industry.
He also had the opportunity to watch D. W. Griffith filming
Intolerance. He appeared in over one hundred films, starring in
over eighty, among them Alfred Hitchcock's spy film Foreign
Correspondent (1940), Preston Sturges' comedy classics Sullivan's
Travels (1940), and The Palm Beach Story (1941), the romance film
Bird of Paradise (1932), the adventure classic The Most Dangerous
Game (1933), George Stevens' The More the Merrier (1941), and the
titular character in the western classic The Virginian (1946).
With the exception of the British thriller film Rough Shoot
(1953), McCrea only appeared in western films from 1946 to his
retirement in 1976. His most notable western is Ride the High
Country (1962), in which he starred with Randolph Scott.
https://store.earthstation1.com/preston-sturges-the-rise-and-fall-of-an-american-dreamer-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Moscow
Nights aka I Stand Condemned 1935 Laurence Olivier DVD MP4 USB
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 1989: #DOTD: #RIP: Anthony
Quayle, English actor and theatre director (b. September 7, 1913)
#dies at his home in Chelsea, London, England from liver cancer,
aged 76. His burial details are unknown. Anthony Quayle was born
John Anthony Quayle in Ainsdale, Southport, Lancashire, North West
England to a Manx family (people originating in the Isle of Man in
the Irish Sea in northern Europe). Sir John Anthony Quayle, CBE
(Commander Of The Most Excellent Order Of The British Empire) Kt
(Knight Bachelor), was nominated for an Oscar and a Golden Globe
for his supporting role as Thomas Wolsey in the 1969 film Anne of
the Thousand Days. He was educated at the private Abberley Hall
School and Rugby School and trained at the Royal Academy of
Dramatic Art in London. After appearing in music hall, he joined
the Old Vic in 1932. During World War II, he was a British Army
officer and was made one of the area commanders of the Auxiliary
Units in Northumberland. Later he joined the Special Operations
Executive and served as a liaison officer with the partisans in
Albania (reportedly, his service with the SOE seriously affected
him, and he never felt comfortable talking about it). He described
his experiences in a fictionalised form in Eight Hours from
England. He was an aide to the Governor of Gibraltar at the time
of the air crash of General Wladyslaw Sikorski's aircraft on 4
July 1943. Sikorski became Prime Minister of the Polish Government
in Exile, Commander-In-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces, and a
vigorous advocate of the Polish cause in the diplomatic sphere. He
supported the reestablishment of diplomatic relations between
Poland and the Soviet Union, which had been severed after the
Soviet pact with Germany and the 1939 Invasion Of Poland-however,
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin broke off Soviet-Polish diplomatic
relations in April 1943 following Sikorski's request that the
International Red Cross investigate the Katyn Forest massacre. In
July 1943, a plane carrying Sikorski plunged into the sea
immediately after takeoff from Gibraltar, killing all on board
except the pilot. The exact circumstances of Sikorski's death have
been disputed and have given rise to a number of different
theories surrounding the crash and his death. Sikorski had been
the most prestigious leader of the Polish exiles, and his death
was a severe setback for the Polish cause. Quayel fictionalised
his Gibraltar experience in his second novel On Such a Night,
published by Heinemann. From 1948 to 1956 Quayle directed at the
Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, and laid the foundations for the
creation of the Royal Shakespeare Company. His own Shakespearian
roles included Falstaff, Othello, Benedick in Much Ado About
Nothing, Henry VIII and Aaron in Titus Andronicus opposite
Laurence Olivier; he played Mosca in Ben Jonson's Volpone; and he
also appeared in contemporary plays. He played the role of Moses
in Christopher Fry's play The Firstborn, in a production starring
opposite Katharine Cornell. He also made an LP with Cornell, in
which he played the role of poet Robert Browning in The Barretts
of Wimpole Street. His first film role was a brief uncredited one
as an Italian wigmaker in the 1938 Pygmalion - subsequent film
roles included parts in Alfred Hitchcock's The Wrong Man, Moscow
Nights (I Stand Condemned), Michael Powell and Emeric
Pressburger's The Battle Of The River Plate (both 1956), Ice Cold
in Alex (1958), Tarzan's Greatest Adventure (1959), The Guns of
Navarone (1961), H.M.S. Defiant, David Lean's Lawrence of Arabia
(both 1962) and The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964). He was
nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1969
for his role as Cardinal Wolsey in Anne of the Thousand Days.
Often cast as the decent British officer, he drew upon his own
wartime experiences, bringing a degree of authenticity to the
parts notably absent from the performances of some non-combatant
stars. One of his best friends from his days at the Old Vic was
fellow actor Alec Guinness, who appeared in several films with
him. He was also a close friend of Jack Hawkins and Jack Gwillim;
all four actors appeared in Lawrence of Arabia. Quayle made his
Broadway debut in The Country Wife in 1936. Thirty-four years
later, he won critical acclaim for his starring role in the highly
successful Anthony Shaffer play Sleuth, which earned him a Drama
Desk Award. Television appearances include the Armchair Theatre
episode "The Scent of Fear" (1959) for ITV, the title
role in the 1969 ITC drama series Strange Report and as French
General Villers in the 1988 miniseries adaptation of The Bourne
Identity. He starred in the 1981 miniseries Masada as Rubrius
Gallius. Also he narrated the miniseries The Six Wives of Henry
VIII in 1970. In 1984 he founded Compass Theatre Company, that he
inaugurated with a tour of The Clandestine Marriage, directing and
playing the part of Lord Ogleby. This production had a run at the
Albery Theatre, London. With the same company he subsequently
toured with a number of other plays, including Saint Joan, Dandy
Dick and King Lear with himself in the title role. Quayle was
appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in
the 1952 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 1985 New Year
Honours for services to the Theatre. He was married twice. His
first wife was actress Hermione Hannen (1913-1983); his second
wife and widow was Dorothy Hyson (1914-1996), known as "Dot"
to family and friends. He and Dorothy had two daughters, Jenny and
Rosanna, and a son, Christopher.
https://store.earthstation1.com/moscow-nights-aka-i-stand-condemned-dvd-laurence-olivier.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Benny
Carter: Symphony In Riffs DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 1994: #DOTD: #RIP: Burt
Lancaster, American actor and producer (b. November 2, 1913) #dies
at his apartment in Century City, Los Angeles, after having a
third heart attack at 4:50 am at the age of 80. His body was
cremated, and his ashes were scattered under a large oak tree in
Westwood Memorial Park which is located in Westwood Village,
California. A small, square ground plaque amidst several others,
inscribed "Burt Lancaster 1913-1994", marks the
location. As he had previously requested, upon his death no
memorial or funeral service was held for him. Born Burton Stephen
Lancaster in Manhattan, New York, at his parents' home at 209 East
106th Street, Burt Lancaster was initially known for playing
"tough guys". Lancaster went on to achieve success with
more complex and challenging roles. He was nominated four times
for Academy Awards and won once for his work in Elmer Gantry in
1960. He also won a Golden Globe for that performance and BAFTA
Awards for The Birdman of Alcatraz (1962) and Atlantic City
(1980). During the 1950s his production company
Hecht-Hill-Lancaster was highly successful, making films such as
Marty (1955), Trapeze (1956), Sweet Smell of Success (1957), Run
Silent, Run Deep (1958), and Separate Tables (1958). He also
hosted and narrated a number of television documentaries regarding
politically-charged subjects. Lancaster was a vocal supporter of
liberal political causes, and frequently spoke out in support of
racial minorities, including at the March On Washington in 1963.
He was a vocal opponent of the Vietnam War and political movements
such as McCarthyism, and he helped pay for the successful defense
of a soldier accused of "fragging" (murdering) another
soldier during that war. In 1968, Lancaster actively supported the
presidential candidacy of antiwar Senator Eugene McCarthy of
Minnesota, and frequently spoke on his behalf during the
Democratic primaries. He campaigned heavily for George McGovern in
the 1972 presidential election. In 1985, Lancaster joined the
fight against AIDS after his close friend, Rock Hudson, contracted
the disease. He campaigned for Michael Dukakis in the 1988
presidential election. The American Film Institute ranks Lancaster
as #19 of the greatest male stars of classic Hollywood cinema.
https://store.earthstation1.com/benny-carter-symphony-in-riffs-dvd-burt-lancaster.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Scams,
Schemes & Scoundrels: James Randi Vs Con Men MP4 Download DVD
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 2020: #DOTD: #RIP: James
Randi, Canadian-American stage magician, author, and scientific
skeptic who extensively challenged paranormal and pseudoscientific
claims, co-founder of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI),
and founder of the James Randi Educational Foundation (b. August
7, 1928) #dies at his home at the age of 92. The James Randi
Educational Foundation attributed his death to "age-related
causes". His remains were cremated, and the ashes given to
his widow Jose Alvarez. The Center for Inquiry said that Randi
"was the public face of skeptical inquiry, bringing a sense
of fun and mischievousness to a serious mission." Kendrick
Frazier said, as part of the statement, "Despite his ferocity
in challenging all forms of nonsense, in person he was a kind and
gentle man." James Randi was born Randall James Hamilton
Zwinge in Toronto, Canada. Randi began his career as a magician
under the stage name The Amazing Randi and later chose to devote
most of his time to investigating paranormal, occult, and
supernatural claims. Randi retired from practicing magic at age
60, and from his foundation at 87. Although often referred to as a
"debunker", Randi said he disliked the term's
connotations and preferred to describe himself as an
"investigator". He wrote about paranormal phenomena,
skepticism, and the history of magic. He was a frequent guest on
The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, famously exposing
fraudulent faith healer Peter Popoff, and was occasionally
featured on the television program Penn & Teller: Bullshit!
Before Randi's retirement, JREF sponsored the One Million Dollar
Paranormal Challenge, which offered a prize of 1M USD to
applicants who could demonstrate evidence of any paranormal,
supernatural, or occult power or event under test conditions
agreed to by both parties.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Darrow
(1991) Kevin Spacey TV Docudrama DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, October 20, 2025October 19, 1945: #BOTD: #HBD! John
Lithgow, American theater, television, and film actor, musician,
poet, author, and singer, is #born John Arthur Lithgow in
Rochester, New York. Lithgow studied at Harvard winning a
Fulbright scholarship and getting a chance to attend the London
Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. From there he focused his
training on the New York stage beginning a distinguished career on
Broadway. In 1973, Lithgow received his first Tony Award for his
performance in The Changing Room. In 1976 Lithgow acted alongside
Meryl Streep in three plays 27 Wagons Full of Cotton, A Memory of
Two Mondays, and Secret Service. In the 1980s he continued to
receive Tony Awards nominations for his performances in Requiem
for a Heavyweight (1985) and M. Butterfly (1988). In 2002, Lithgow
received his second Tony Award, this time for a musical, The Sweet
Smell of Success and another nomination for Dirty Rotten
Scoundrels (2005). In 2007, he made his Royal Shakespeare Company
debut as Malvolio in Neil Bartlett's production of Twelfth Night.
He has also appeared on Broadway in the acclaimed plays The
Columnist (2012) and A Delicate Balance (2014). He portrayed Bill
Clinton in Hillary and Clinton (2019) alongside Laurie Metcalf as
Hillary Clinton. Lithgow is also known for his television roles
such as Dick Solomon in the sitcom 3rd Rock from the Sun
(1996-2001) winning three Primetime Emmy Awards for Best Actor in
a Comedy Series for his performance. He also played Arthur
Mitchell in the drama Dexter (2009) and he won the Primetime Emmy
Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama. In 2004, Lithgow
played Blake Edwards in the HBO television movie, The Life and
Death of Peter Sellers. He has also appeared on 30 Rock, How I Met
Your Mother, Louie, and Drunk History. Lithgow won great acclaim
for his portrayal of Winston Churchill in Peter Morgan's
historical drama The Crown (2016-2019) on Netflix. For acting in
The Crown he won a Primetime Emmy Award and Screen Actors Guild
Award. In 2020, he had a recurring role on the HBO period series
Perry Mason. He is also well known for his film roles. His early
screen roles included Bob Fosse's All That Jazz (1979), and Brian
De Palma's Blow Out (1981). He received his first Academy Award
nomination for his breakout performance in The World According to
Garp (1982) and received a second Academy Award nomination for
Terms of Endearment (1983). He then starred in the films Footloose
(1984), Harry and the Hendersons (1987), The Pelican Brief and
Cliffhanger (1993), A Civil Action (1998), Rugrats in Paris: The
Movie (2000), Shrek (2001), Kinsey (2004), Dreamgirls (2006), Love
Is Strange (2014), Miss Sloane (2016), and Beatriz at Dinner
(2017). In 2019 he appeared in Mindy Kaling's comedy Late Night
and portrayed Roger Ailes in Bombshell. Over the course of his
career he has received numerous accolades including two Tony
Awards, six Emmy Awards, and two Golden Globe awards, and has been
nominated for two Academy Awards and four Grammy Awards. He has
also been awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and
inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: FM 1978
Michael Brandon Eileen Brennan Martin Mull DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 1950: #BOTD: #HBD! Tom Petty,
American singer-songwriter, guitarist, multi-instrumentalist,
actor and producer (d. October 2, 2017) is #born Thomas Earl Petty
in Gainesville, Florida. He was the lead singer of Tom Petty and
the Heartbreakers, formed in 1976. He previously led the band
Mudcrutch. He was also a member of the late 1980s supergroup the
Traveling Wilburys. Petty recorded a number of hit singles with
the Heartbreakers and as a solo artist. In his career, he sold
more than 80 million records worldwide, making him one of the
best-selling music artists of all time. He and the Heartbreakers
were inducted into The Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame in 2002. Petty
died at the age of 66, of an accidental overuse of prescription
drugs, one week after the completion of the Heartbreakers' 40th
anniversary tour. Tom Petty died at 8:40 p.m. PDT of a cardiac
arrest at 8:40 p.m. PDT at a hospital in Santa Monica, California,
aged 66. His remains were cremated, and the ashes given to his
widow Dana York. On October 1, 2017, Petty's wife Dana York found
him not breathing and in cardiac arrest at their home. He was
resuscitated and taken to the UCLA Medical Center in Santa Monica,
California, where he was put on life support. There were premature
reports of his death throughout the day. A memorial service for
Petty was held at the Self-Realization Fellowship Lake Shrine in
Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, on October 16, 2017, four days
before what would have been his 67th birthday. On January 19,
2018, the Los Angeles County Medical Examiner announced that
Petty's death was due to an "accidental overdose"
stating "multisystem organ failure due to resuscitated
cardiopulmonary arrest due to mixed drug toxicity", a
combination of fentanyl, oxycodone, acetylfentanyl and
despropionyl fentanyl (all opioids); temazepam and alprazolam
(both benzodiazepines); and citalopram (an antidepressant). In a
statement on his website, Petty's wife and daughter said he had a
number of medical problems, including emphysema, knee difficulties
"and most significantly a fractured hip". He was
prescribed pain medication for these problems and informed on the
day of his death that his hip injury had worsened. The statement
read, "[it] is our feeling that the pain was simply
unbearable and was the cause for his overuse of medication.[..] We
feel confident that this was, as the coroner found, an unfortunate
accident." On September 23, 2018, Petty's widow Dana gave an
interview to Billboard saying that Petty put off hip surgery his
doctors had recommended for some time. "He'd had it in mind
it was his last tour and he owed it to his long-time crew, from
decades some of them, and his fans." Dana said that Petty was
in a good mood the day before his death: "He had those three
shows in L.A. Never had he been so proud of himself, so happy, so
looking forward to the future-and then he's gone."
https://store.earthstation1.com/fm-19781978.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Marshal
Josip Broz Tito Documentary Biography DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 1944: The European Civil War:
World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of
World War II): The Eastern Front Of World War II: The Great
Patriotic War (The German-Soviet War): World War II In Yugoslavia:
The Belgrade Offensive (The Belgrade Strategic Offensive
Operation): -- Belgrade, the capital of Yugoslavia, is liberated
from the German Wehrmacht and the Serbian puppet Government of
National Salvation through the joint efforts of the Soviet Red
Army, Yugoslav Partisans led by Marshal Tito, and the Bulgarian
Army. Soviet forces and local militias launched separate but
loosely cooperative operations that undermined German control of
Belgrade and ultimately forced a retreat. The Belgrade Offensive
or the Belgrade Strategic Offensive Operation (September 15, 1944
- November 24, 1944) was coordinated evenly among command leaders,
and the operation was largely enabled through tactical cooperation
between Josip Broz Tito and Joseph Stalin that began in September
1944. These martial provisions allowed Bulgarian forces to engage
in operations throughout Yugoslav territory, which furthered
tactical success while increasing diplomatic friction. The primary
objectives of the Belgrade Offensive centered on lifting the
German occupation of Serbia, seizing Belgrade as a strategic
holdout in the Balkans, and severing German communication lines
between Greece and Hungary. The spearhead of the offensive was
executed by the Soviet 3rd Ukrainian Front in coordination with
the Yugoslav 1st Proletarian Corps. Simultaneous operations in the
south involved the Bulgarian 2nd Army and XII Corps Yugoslav
Partisans, and the incursion of the 2nd Ukrainian Front northwards
from the Yugoslav-Bulgarian border placed additional pressure on
German command. There were additional skirmishes between Bulgarian
forces and German anti-partisan regiments in Macedonia that
represented the campaign's southernmost combat operations.
https://store.earthstation1.com/marshal-josip-broz-tito-dvd-yugoslav-revolutionary-president.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Vietnam
War & AFVN Radio MP3 Set MPG & JPG Set CD, Download, USB
Drive
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 1900: #BOTD: #HBD! Wayne
Morse, American attorney and United States Senator from Oregon,
known for his proclivity for opposing his party's leadership, and
specifically for his opposition to the Vietnam War on
constitutional grounds (d. July 22, 1974) is #born Wayne Lyman
Morsein Madison, Wisconsin. Educated at the University of
Wisconsin and the University of Minnesota Law School, he moved to
Oregon in 1930 and began teaching at the University of Oregon
School of Law. During World War II, he was elected to the U.S.
Senate as a Republican; he became an Independent after Dwight D.
Eisenhower's election to the presidency in 1952. While an
independent, he set a record for performing the second longest
one-person filibuster in the history of the Senate. Morse joined
the Democratic Party in 1955, and was reelected twice while a
member of that party. Morse made a brief run for the Democratic
Party's presidential nomination in 1960. In 1964, Morse was one of
two senators to oppose the controversial Gulf Of Tonkin
Resolution. It authorized the president to take military action in
Vietnam without a declaration of war. He continued to speak out
against the war in the ensuing years, and lost his 1968 bid for
reelection to Bob Packwood, who criticized his strong opposition
to the war. Morse made two more bids for reelection to the Senate
before his death at Good Samaritan Hospital in Portland, Oregon in
the midst of a busy campaign schedule from kidney failure, aged
73. He is buried at Rest-Haven Memorial Park cemetery at Eugene,
Oregon. An editorial ran in The New York Times stating that death
"has deprived the United States Senate of a superb public
servant".
https://store.earthstation1.com/vietnam-war-cdrom-mp3s-mpgs-jpgs-cdro3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Romantic Spirit TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 1854: #BOTD: #HBD! Arthur
Rimbaud, French poet who is known for his influence on modern and
Romantic literature and arts which prefigured surrealism, French
soldier (d. November 10, 1891) is #born Jean Nicolas Arthur
Rimbaud in the provincial town of Charleville (now part of
Charleville-Mezieres) in the Ardennes department in northeastern
France. Rimbaud started writing at a very young age and was a
prodigious student, but abandoned his formal education in his
teenage years to run away from home amidst the Franco-Prussian
War. During his late adolescence and early adulthood he began the
bulk of his literary output, but completely stopped writing at the
age of 21, after assembling one of his major works, Illuminations.
Rimbaud was known to have been a libertine and for being a
restless soul, having engaged in an at times violent romantic
relationship with fellow poet Paul Verlaine, which lasted nearly
two years. After the end of his literary career, he traveled
extensively on three continents as a merchant before his death
from cancer just after his thirty-seventh birthday of bone cancer
at the Hopital de la Conception in Marseille, France at the age of
37. The remains were sent across France to his home town and he
was buried in Charleville-Mezieres. As a poet, Rimbaud is well
known for his contributions to Symbolism and, among other works, A
Season in Hell, which was a significant precursor to modernist
literature.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-romantic-spirit-tv-series-all-14-episodes-5-dual-layer-d145.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Clive
James' Fame In The 20th Century TV Series DVD Set MP4 USB Drive
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 2011: Arab Springs: The Arab
Spring (The First Arab Spring): The Libyan Crisis (2011-Present):
The Libyan Civil War: The First Libyan Civil War (The 2011 Libyan
Revolution): -- #DOTD: Rebel forces capture Libyan dictator
Muammar Gaddafi and his son Mutassim in his hometown of Sirte,
then kill him with a gunshot to the head shortly thereafter,
ending the First Libyan Civil War. He is buried in an unknown
location in the Libyan Desert. Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar
al-Gaddafi (b. c._1942) was a Libyan revolutionary, politician and
political theorist. He was the de facto leader of Libya from 1969
to 2011, first as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab
Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then as the Brotherly Leader of the
Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011.
Initially ideologically committed to Arab nationalism and Arab
socialism, he later ruled according to his own Third International
Theory. Born near Sirte, Italian Libya, to a poor Bedouin Arab
family, Gaddafi became an Arab nationalist while at school in
Sabha, later enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi.
Within the military, he founded a revolutionary group which
deposed the Western-backed Senussi monarchy of Idris in a 1969
coup. Having taken power, Gaddafi converted Libya into a republic
governed by his Revolutionary Command Council. Ruling by decree,
he deported Libya's Italian population and ejected its Western
military bases. Strengthening ties to Arab nationalist
governments-particularly Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egypt-he
unsuccessfully advocated pan-Arab political union. An Islamic
modernist, he introduced sharia as the basis for the legal system
and promoted "Islamic socialism". He nationalized the
oil industry and used the increasing state revenues to bolster the
military, fund foreign revolutionaries, and implement social
programs emphasizing house-building, healthcare and education
projects. In 1973, he initiated a "Popular Revolution"
with the formation of Basic People's Congresses, presented as a
system of direct democracy, but retained personal control over
major decisions. He outlined his Third International Theory that
year in The Green Book. Gaddafi transformed Libya into a new
socialist state called a Jamahiriya ("state of the masses")
in 1977. He officially adopted a symbolic role in governance but
remained head of both the military and the Revolutionary
Committees responsible for policing and suppressing dissent.
During the 1970s and 1980s, Libya's unsuccessful border conflicts
with Egypt and Chad, support for foreign militants, and alleged
responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing in Scotland left it
increasingly isolated on the world stage. A particularly hostile
relationship developed with Israel, the United States and the
United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and
United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. From 1999, Gaddafi
shunned pan-Arabism, and encouraged pan-Africanism and
rapprochement with Western nations; he was Chairperson of the
African Union from 2009 to 2010. Amid the 2011 Arab Spring,
protests against widespread corruption and unemployment broke out
in eastern Libya. The situation descended into civil war, in which
NATO intervened militarily on the side of the anti-Gaddafist
National Transitional Council (NTC). Gaddafi's government was
overthrown; he retreated to Sirte, only to be captured and killed
by NTC militants. A highly divisive figure, Gaddafi dominated
Libya's politics for four decades and was the subject of a
pervasive cult of personality. He was decorated with various
awards and praised for his anti-imperialist stance, support for
Arab-and then African-unity, as well as for significant
development to the country following the discovery of oil
reserves. Conversely, many Libyans strongly opposed Gaddafi's
social and economic reforms; he was posthumously accused of
various human rights violations. He was condemned by many as a
dictator whose authoritarian administration systematically
violated human rights and financed global terrorism in the region
and abroad.
https://store.earthstation1.com/clive-james39-fame-in-the-20th-century-tv-series-dvd-set-mp4-usb-39204.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Golden Age Of Rock 'N' Roll DVD, MP4 Video Download, Flash Drive
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 2015: #DOTD: #RIP: Cory
Wells, American singer, best known as one of the three lead
vocalists in the band Three Dog Night of Three Dog Night (b.
February 5, 1941) #dies in his sleep at Brooks Memorial Hospital
in Dunkirk, New York at the age of 74. His family later confirmed
he was fighting multiple myeloma, a form of blood cancer. His
burial details are not publicly disclosed. Cory Wells was born
Emil Lewandowsk in Buffalo, New York. Wells came from a musical
family and began playing in Buffalo-area bands in his teens.
Having survived childhood in a low-income, blue-collar
neighborhood and an even more brutal home environment fueled by an
abusive stepfather, this according to manager Joel Cohen's band
biography, Three Dog Night And Me, Wells joined the United States
Air Force directly out of high school. While in the Air Force, he
formed a band of interracial musical performers, inspired by his
boyhood love of a similar popular band called The Del-Vikings, who
had a national hit with the doo-wop song, "Come Go with Me".
Following his military tour of duty, Wells returned to Buffalo and
was asked to join a band named the Vibratos. Gene Jacobs, the
brother-in-law of the Vibratos guitar player, Mike Lustan,
suggested to him that the Vibratos travel to California if they
were serious about making it in music. They took his advice and
changed the name of the band to "The Enemys." They soon
began working the clubs in Los Angeles, San Diego, Las Vegas and
Sacramento, and they became the house band at the Whisky a Go Go.
They were also featured in the television shows The Beverly
Hillbillies, Burke's Law, Riot on Sunset Strip, and the film
Harper, with Paul Newman. While at the Whisky a Go Go, Cher asked
the band to tour with Sonny & Cher. It was on this tour that
Wells met Danny Hutton, a former songwriter/performer for
Hanna-Barbera Productions who became his future partner in the
rock band Three Dog Night. The Enemys had minor hits with
recordings of "Hey Joe" and "Sinner Man".
Wells moved to Phoenix in 1967 where he formed The Cory Wells
Blues Band, whose bass player was future Three Dog Night bass
player, Joe Schermetzler (stage name Joe Schermie). In 1968, Wells
returned to Hollywood where he "couch-surfed" while
Danny Hutton worked to convince him of the feasibility of forming
a group with three lead singers and a back-up band. Hutton and
Wells formed Three Dog Night in 1968. They found a third lead
singer in Chuck Negron, whom Hutton had met at a Hollywood party.
Hutton, Wells, and Negron met The Beach Boys' Brian Wilson, and
they recorded demos under the name "Redwood" with Wilson
as producer. The sessions produced a potential single, "Time
to Get Alone," but Beach Boy member Mike Love wanted to save
the song for the next Beach Boys album. Having perfected their
three-part harmony sound, Wells, Hutton and Negron added a
four-piece backing group consisting of guitarist Michael Allsup,
organist Jimmy Greenspoon, bassist Joe Schermie, and drummer Floyd
Sneed. The group began performing as Three Dog Night in 1968, and
became one of the most successful bands of the late 1960s and
early 1970s. Wells sang the lead vocal on Three Dog Night's
Billboard No. 1 hit song "Mama Told Me (Not to Come)".
He said that Randy Newman, who wrote the song, later called him on
the phone and said: "I just want to thank you for putting my
kids through college." Unlike many other rock musicians of
the day, Wells managed to abstain from alcohol and other drugs.
Also, he didn't squander his earnings on the lavish lifestyles of
many other successful rock stars; rather, he chose to live a
somewhat more moderate existence. After Three Dog Night broke up
in 1976, Wells tried a solo career, recording the album Touch Me
for A & M Records in 1978. Wells helped re-launch Three Dog
Night in the mid-1980s, recording an EP called "It's a
Jungle". A falling out with Negron left Hutton and Wells with
the name "Three Dog Night" as an entity, and the pair
(along with original member Mike Allsup) toured regularly each
year. Original member Jimmy Greenspoon also toured with Three Dog
Night until his diagnosis of metastatic melanoma in late 2014,
which led to his death in March 2015.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-golden-age-of-rock-39n39-roll-dvd-complete-tv-series-5-39395.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Miracle Worker (1962) Anne Bancroft Patty Duke DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 1936: #DOTD: #RIP: Anne
Sullivan, American educator and teacher, best known for being the
instructor and lifelong companion of Helen Keller (b. April 14,
1866) #dies of a heart attack at the age of 70 in the Forest Hills
neighborhood of Queens, New York, with Keller holding her hand,
aged 70. On October 15, 1936, she had a coronary thrombosis, fell
into a coma, and died five days later. Keller described Sullivan's
last month as being very agitated, but during the last week, she
was said to return to her normal generous self. Sullivan was
cremated and her ashes interred in a memorial at the National
Cathedral in Washington, D.C. She was the first woman to be
recognized for her achievements in this way. When Keller died in
1968, her ashes were placed next to those of her teacher
Sullivan's. Johanna Mansfield Sullivan Macy, better known as Anne
Sullivan, contracted trachoma at the age of five, a highly
contagious eye disease, which left her blind and without reading
or writing skills. She received her education as a student of the
Perkins School for the Blind where upon graduation she became a
teacher to Keller when she was 20. She was born in Feeding Hills,
Agawam, Massachusetts. She was the oldest child of Thomas and
Alice (Cloesy) Sullivan, who emigrated to the United States from
Ireland during the Great Famine. When she was five years old,
Sullivan contracted a bacterial eye disease known as trachoma,
which caused many painful infections and, over time, made her
nearly blind.When she was eight, her mother died from
tuberculosis, and her father abandoned the children two years
later for fear he could not raise them on his own. She and her
younger brother, James (Jimmie), were sent to the run-down and
overcrowded almshouse in Tewksbury, Massachusetts, today part of
Tewksbury Hospital, and their younger sister, Mary, was left to an
aunt. Jimmie had a weak hip condition and then died from
tuberculosis four months into their stay. Anne remained at
Tewksbury after his death and endured two unsuccessful eye
operations. Due to reports of cruelty to inmates at Tewksbury,
including sexually perverted practices and cannibalism, the
Massachusetts Board of State Charities launched an investigation
into the institution in 1875. The investigation was led by
Franklin Benjamin Sanborn (journalist, author, reformer,
abolitionist, social scientist and transcendentalist who founded
the American Social Science Association, and was a member of the
so-called Secret Six, or "Committee of Six", which
funded or helped obtain funding for John Brown's Raid on Harpers
Ferry), who was then chairman of the board, and Samuel Gridley
Howe, founder of the Perkins School for the Blind in Boston.
During an inspection of Tewksbury in 1880 by Franklin Benjamin
Sanborn, Anne beseeched him to allow her to be admitted to the
Perkins School for the Blind. Within months, her plea was granted.
Anne began her studies at the Perkins School on October 7, 1880.
Although her rough manners made her first years at Perkins
humiliating for her, she managed to connect with a few teachers
and made progress with her learning. While there, she befriended
and learned the manual alphabet from Laura Bridgman, a graduate of
Perkins and the first blind and deaf person to be educated there.
Also while there, she had a series of eye operations that
significantly improved her vision. In June 1886, she graduated at
age 20 as the valedictorian of her class. She stated:
"Fellow-graduates: Duty bids us go forth into active life.
Let us go cheerfully, hopefully, and earnestly, and set ourselves
to find our especial part. When we have found it, willingly and
faithfully perform it; for every obstacle we overcome, every
success we achieve tends to bring man closer to God and make life
more as He would have it." The summer following Sullivan's
graduation, the director of Perkins, Michael Anagnos, was
contacted by Arthur Keller, who was in search of a teacher for his
seven-year-old blind and deaf daughter, Helen. Anagnos immediately
recommended Sullivan for this position, and she began her work on
March 3, 1887, at the Kellers' home in Tuscumbia, Alabama. As soon
as she arrived there, she argued with Helen's parents about the
Civil War and over the fact that they used to own slaves. However,
she also quickly connected with Helen. It was the beginning of a
49-year relationship: Sullivan evolved from teacher, to governess,
and finally to companion and friend. Sullivan's curriculum
involved a strict schedule with constant introduction of new
vocabulary words; however, Sullivan quickly changed her teachings
after seeing they did not suit Keller. Instead, she began to teach
her vocabulary based on her own interests, by spelling each word
out into Keller's palm; within six months this method proved to be
working, as Keller had learned 575 words, some multiplication
tables, and the Braille system. Sullivan strongly encouraged
Helen's parents to send her to the Perkins School, where she could
have an appropriate education. Once they agreed to this, Sullivan
took Keller to Boston in 1888 and stayed with her there. Sullivan
continued to teach her bright protegee, who soon became famous for
her remarkable progress. With the help of the school's director
Anagnos, Keller became a public symbol for the school, helping to
increase its funding and donations and making it the most famous
and sought-after school for the blind in the country. However, an
accusation of plagiarism against Keller greatly upset Sullivan:
she left and never returned, but did remain influential to the
school. Sullivan also remained a close companion to Keller and
continued to assist in her education, which ultimately included a
degree from Radcliffe College. On May 3, 1905, Sullivan married
Harvard University instructor and literary critic John Albert Macy
(1877-1932), who had helped Keller with her publications. When she
married, Sullivan was already living with Keller as her personal
teacher, so Macy moved into the household of both women. However,
within a few years, the marriage began to disintegrate. By 1914,
they separated, though he is listed as living as a "lodger"
with them in the 1920 U.S. Census. As the years progressed after
their separation, Macy appears to have faded from her life, and
the two never officially divorced. Sullivan never remarried. In
1932, Keller and Sullivan were each awarded honorary fellowships
from the Educational Institute of Scotland. They were also awarded
honorary degrees from Temple University. In 1955, Keller was
awarded an honorary degree from Harvard University, and in 1956,
the director's cottage at the Perkins School was named the
Keller-Macy Cottage. In 2003, Sullivan was inducted into the
National Women's Hall of Fame. Sullivan had been seriously
visually impaired for almost all of her life, but by 1935, she was
completely blind in both eyes. Sullivan is the main character in
The Miracle Worker by William Gibson, originally produced for
television in 1957, in which she was portrayed by Teresa Wright.
The Miracle Worker then moved to Broadway and later was produced
as a 1962 feature film. Both the play and the film featured Anne
Bancroft as Sullivan. Patty Duke, who played Keller on Broadway
and in the 1962 film, later played Sullivan in a 1979 television
remake. Roma Downey portrayed her in the TV movie Monday After the
Miracle (1998). Alison Elliott portrayed her in a 2000 television
movie. Alison Pill played her on Broadway in the short-lived 2010
revival, with Abigail Breslin as Keller.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-miracle-worker-dvd-1962-anne-bancroft-patty-1962.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Voice
Of The Army WWII Radio Series MP3 Set CD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 1907: #BOTD: #HBD! Arlene
Francis, Armenian American actress, talk show host, game show
panelist, and television personality (d. May 31, 2001) is #born
Arline Francis Kazanjian in Boston, Massachusetts. She is known
for her long-running role as a panelist on the television game
show What's My Line?, on which she regularly appeared for 25
years, from 1950 to 1975, on both the network and syndicated
versions of the show. Arlene Francis died at the age of 93 in San
Francisco, California from Alzheimer's disease and cancer. She is
interred in Roosevelt Memorial Park in Trevose, Pennsylvania.
https://store.earthstation1.com/voice-of-the-army-mp3-cd-complete-world-war-ii-radio-serie3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The One
The Only... Groucho Plus Newton's Apple Bonus Download MP4 DVD
Today, October 20, 2025October 20, 1882: #BOTD: #HBD! Margaret
Dumont, American stage and screen actress (d. March 6, 1965) is
#born Daisy Juliette Baker in Brooklyn, New York. She is best
remembered as the comic foil to the Marx Brothers in seven of
their films. Groucho Marx called her "practically the fifth
Marx brother." Dumont spent many years of her childhood being
raised at Wren's Nest, a National Historic Landmark Queen Anne
house in Atlanta, Georgia owned by her godfather, Joel Chandler
Harris, the American journalist, fiction writer, and folklorist
best known for his collection of Uncle Remus stories. Dumont
trained as an operatic singer and actress in her teens, and began
performing on stage in the U.S. and in Europe, at first under the
name Daisy Dumont and later as Margaret (or Marguerite) Dumont.
Her theatrical debut was in Sleeping Beauty and the Beast at the
Chestnut Theater in Philadelphia, and in August 1902, two months
before her 20th birthday, she appeared as a singer/comedian in a
vaudeville act in Atlantic City. The dark-haired soubrette,
described by a theater reviewer as a "statuesque beauty",
attracted notice later that decade for her vocal and comedic
talents in The Girl Behind the Counter (1908), The Belle of
Brittany (1909) and The Summer Widower (1910). In 1910, she
married millionaire sugar heir and industrialist John Moller Jr.
and retired from stage work, although she had a small uncredited
role as an aristocrat in a 1917 film adaptation of A Tale of Two
Cities. The marriage was childless. After her husband's sudden
death during the 1918 influenza pandemic, Dumont reluctantly
returned to the Broadway stage, and soon gained a strong
reputation in musical comedies. She never remarried. Her Broadway
career included roles in the musical comedies and plays The Fan
(1921), Go Easy, Mabel (1922), The Rise of Rosie O'Reilly
(1923/24) and The Fourflusher (1925), and she had an uncredited
role in the 1923 film Enemies of Women. In 1925, Dumont came to
the attention of theatrical producer Sam H. Harris who recommended
her to the Marx Brothers and writer George S. Kaufman for the role
of the wealthy dowager Mrs. Potter alongside the Marxes in their
Broadway production of The Cocoanuts. In the Marxes' next Broadway
show Animal Crackers, which opened in October 1928, Dumont again
was cast as foil and straight woman Mrs. Rittenhouse, another
rich, society dowager. She appeared with the Marxes in the screen
versions of both The Cocoanuts (1929) and Animal Crackers (1930).
With the Marx Brothers, Dumont played wealthy, high-society widows
whom Groucho alternately insulted and romanced for their money.
Dumont's character would often give a short, startled or confused
reaction to these insults, but appeared to forget them quickly.
Dumont was so important to the success of the Marx Brothers films,
she was one of the few people Groucho mentioned in his short
acceptance speech for an honorary Oscar in 1974. Dumont appeared
in 57 films, including some minor silent work beginning with A
Tale of Two Cities (1917). Her first feature was the Marx
Brothers' The Cocoanuts (1929), in which she played Mrs. Potter,
the role she played in the stage version from which the film was
adapted. She also made some television appearances, including a
guest-starring role with Estelle Winwood on The Donna Reed Show in
the episode "Miss Lovelace Comes to Tea" (1959). Dumont,
usually playing her dignified dowager character, appeared with
other film comedians and actors, including Wheeler and Woolsey and
George "Spanky" McFarland (Kentucky Kernels, 1934); Joe
Penner (Here, Prince 1932, and The Life of the Party 1937); Lupe
Velez (High Flyers, 1937); W.C. Fields (Never Give a Sucker an
Even Break, 1941, and Tales of Manhattan 1942); Laurel and Hardy
(The Dancing Masters, 1943); Red Skelton (Bathing Beauty, 1944);
Danny Kaye (Up in Arms, 1944); Jack Benny (The Horn Blows at
Midnight, 1945); George "Gabby" Hayes (Sunset in El
Dorado, 1945); Abbott and Costello (Little Giant, 1946); and Tom
Poston (Zotz!, 1962). Margaret Dumont died of a heart attack at
the age of 82 in Hollywood, California. She was cremated and her
ashes were interred in the vault at the Chapel of the Pines
Crematory in Los Angeles.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Lost
Ernie Kovacs TV Show Collection DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, October 20, 2025October 20: Miss American Rose Day: --
Associated with the Miss American Rose pageant, this competition
celebrates American women of all ages, and their education,
accomplishments, skills, social service, and professional careers.
This day is an extension of the pageant. We are reminded to
appreciate ourselves and the women in our lives, with their unique
talents and achievements. Life gets hard, and on some bad days, we
forget to be kind to ourselves. Miss American Rose Day is a
special occasion for women to share and show love for themselves
and for one another. A beauty pageant is an event (or series of
events) where various women compete against one another and
showcase their talents. Traditionally, pageants were judged based
on their physical attributes; now, the criteria for evaluation
have extended to personality, talent, social work, intelligence,
and values. In 1839, Archibald Montgomerie, the 11th Earl of
Eglinton, organized a beauty pageant, as part of the Eglinton
Tournament. The pageant was a re-enactment of a medieval joust
that had happened in Scotland. Georgiana Seymour, the Duchess of
Somerset, won the pageant and claimed the title 'Queen of Beauty.'
An entertainer named Phineas Taylor Barnum pioneered the first
modern American pageant in the year 1854. Unfortunately, the
pageant was abruptly shut down due to public protest, hence
evaluation was done by substituting daguerreotypes - images of the
contestants on silvered copper plates. In 1921, the Atlantic
City's Inter-City Beauty Contest was held, which became very
popular. The origin of the current beauty pageants can be traced
back to this. It was held to capture the attention of summer
tourists and get them to stay in town even after Labor Day. The
winner in this pageantry received the title of 'Miss America.' And
the local newsman, Herb Test, made history by having the honor of
offering this title to Margaret Gorman, the first-ever Miss
America. The pageantry triggered many controversies, and its
popularity witnessed a decline. In 1935, producer Lenora Slaughter
resurrected the pageant by bringing Hollywood into the picture.
The winner would henceforth be given screen tests and
opportunities to star in films or shows, or both. Lenora Slaughter
also decided to add a college scholarship valued at $5,000 to the
winner. The Atlantic City's Inter-City Beauty Contest has
expanded, grown in popularity, and evolved into the Miss America,
Miss World, and Miss Universe that we know today.
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